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Saturday, July 24, 2021

Review of 1Q84 by Haruki Murakami

  

by 

's review originally published in Goodreads 
 

1Q84 is a strange book that I almost gave up reading numerous times. Nearly 1000 pages, it is full of seemingly trivial details that repeat again and again. 

Yet I did come back. In fact, I am within 50 pages of the finish, so I am well positioned to discuss the book, yet there is no danger I will give away the ending. I will definitely finish it soon, because of the strange spell this book has on me, plus my own stubborn determination to finish any task into which I have sunk deep resources into (I have read over 850 pages already) guarantees I will finish reading it. 

Do I recommend it to you? As the characters in the book feel about their own quandaries, I am not sure. I can easily see someone throwing it down and cursing me for roping them into reading it. The chapters seem to meld together, and the details we learn about the characters and their environment repeat, again and again like a Buddhist chant. And yet, I can also see other readers so captivated by it, that they will seriously wonder about my lack of literary taste because I wasn’t over the moon with praise. Or rather over the two moons.

Tengo is a man about thirty, accomplished as a writer and teacher of mathematics, big, athletic, and painfully shy. His mother left her husband when he was a very young child and the husband raised him. He was poor, and as Tengo subsequently learns, not his biological father. But once out of the house Tengo’s exterior life prospers. His major longing in life is for a girl who had been his classmate when he was ten years old. 

Her name was Aomame and she grows up to be an assassin of men who sexually abuse young girls. She is pretty, athletic and also painfully shy. She too longs for the boy she knew when she was ten. This longing goes on, back and forth even when they are within shouting distance of each other, for the first 900 pages. I still don’t know if they will meet. 

They are connected by a strange teenage girl named Fuka-Eri who has written a book about the little people who actually control the world. Tengo’s editor convinces him to polish her book, and edit it for publication. He does and it, titled “Air Chrysalis”, becomes a mega best seller. 

To both Aomame and Tengo, the world of Air Chrysalis becomes real. There are indeed two moons in the sky, and other more subtle differences between the world of 1984, when the story is originally set, to the new world of 1Q84. 

And there is a religious cult called Sakigake that doesn’t like the story of Air Chrysalis being published and is after both Aomame and Tengo. Aomame must use her skills as a killer, while Tengo tries to learn the secrets of his slowly dying stepfather.

It is not a thriller by any means, in fact, it is difficult to fit it into any genre. That alone might be what has kept me coming back to get to the end. The author Murakami, takes his time, and builds the suspense - builds it past what often seems like the breaking point, but you soon see that that is the point. The novel is a different sort of story.

As I said, I can’t wait to get back to it. Reader discretion advised.

Friday, July 2, 2021

Chronic City by Jonathan Lethem

Chronic City

by Jonathan Lethem


Jul 02, 2021  

 https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6085191-chronic-city


After the first fifty pages, I really wanted to like this book. Lethem has a dry, semi-confused, pyrotechnical, and fearless way of writing sentences. It seems he often starts them not quite knowing where they are going to end. And that is exciting, because he lets you ride shotgun on his creative joyride. But, in “Chronic City”, his characters were pretty dead inside, and after a couple hundred pages it starts to get to me.

 

I saw Edward Norton’s really interesting and entertaining film adaptation of Lethem’s novel “Motherless Brooklyn” and that book is on my list to read, because Norton made his character burst with life. I recently read that Lethem has a form of Tourette’s syndrome, which of course was Norton’s fascinating idiosyncratic mannerism in the film.

 

“Chronic City” is nothing like the film “Motherless Brooklyn” even though it does take place in NYC, and both stories feature semi-fictional City power players. But the time period is different and so is the “lifeforce” of the people portrayed. Similarities aside, they are very different stories, and while I like that Lethem doesn’t repeat himself, I guess I need to root for somebody.

 

As I said, I found the “Chronic City” a bit frustrating. The setting is speculative and semi-imaginary, but that didn’t bother me. The characters are both repulsive and attractive, all with bizarre routines and backstories. Chase Insteadman, who is the narrator, is a former child actor on what was the most popular TV show of the 70s, but hasn’t worked in decades. He seems to have money, at least he never complains about it. His wife is an astronaut who is stuck in space and not likely to return because the Chinese have surrounded her space station with space mines. But that angle, (why are the Chinese doing it and what are we doing about it?) is never explained. His name, Insteadman, can lead you on a long line of musing - Instead of a man? - or Oprah’s boyfriend, Steadman, who in popular imagination seems what? Hapless? Invisible?

 

Chase lives in an imaginary Manhattan that is beset with all kinds of terrors - a giant tiger roams the subway, coming up occasionally to eat people, and an amorphous mysterious cloud envelopes  whole sections of the city and seems to come and go. Chase is connected to the “important” people in Manhattan, and attends diners with the mayor, his staff, journalists, and artists. He walks all over the upper West Side, and I am sure for the locals it is fun to ID all his landmarks. His best friend, Perkus, is a perpetually stoned former art critic who collects albums and videos no one has ever heard of and only goes out of his apartment to eat at a restaurant on the ground floor of his building. Chase steals Perkus’s “girlfriend”, Oona, and occasionally receives steadily more hopeless and depressing messages from his wife on the space station. The City’s Society, in both the Press and at the social galas he attends laud him for his courage in holding up under the duress of his wife’s increasingly bleak fate. The dialogue is both spellbinding and again, frustrating, because on one level Lethem constantly fires out majestic verbal gymnastics, but on another “level” (reality) it is inane.

 

Chase is with Oona ...and is ‘suspended in her slippery limbs in some kind of interlude or afterglow’ ...”My theory is you can never overestimate how much sex the people having sex are having,” Oona said. “Or how little sex the people not having sex are not having.” “The rich get richer?” I suggested and she said, “Yes and the healthy healthier.” Then I’d said “And the -” and she put her finger to my lips.’

 

I mentioned Lethem’s Tourettes, because it is kind of an “ah hah!” for me trying to understand his characters. Insteadman and his friends are very “in” in terms of their connection to the power and the glamour of the city, but at the same time very “out”. They feel hopeless and fear losing out or missing the next big event. I think it likely that Lethem deeply understands social isolation, (in spite of great success). The one character who is confident and “in charge” is the mayor’s assistant who has been tasked with fixing the city’s problems, such as the giant tiger (that shows up and kills everyone at Perkus’s restaurant, which will cause his apartment to be condemned by the city and put Perkus out on the street). The Mayor’s assistant is a typical NYC blowhard who brandishes an “I got this under control” attitude, but the results always say otherwise. Insteadman despises him but still clings to him, and needs him.

 

Anyway, Lethem is a very well regarded and highly praised novelist. He writes about NYC and maybe that helps. He is imaginative and endlessly verbally inventive and Chronic City  kept me reading even as I sort of lost interest in the story. It is a sad story. Chase, lives out a life I can’t imagine living. I keep hoping he will at least try to escape from his Upper West Side trap. I kept hoping maybe Wojciehowicz and Dietrich from Barney Miller would take him back to the 12th Precinct and straighten him out, but that would have been another story.

Tuesday, June 15, 2021

Remembering my Friend Qi

 Qi Xing Hua (亓兴华 (1951–2006) with his wife Ling Na)



At a certain point in life, you realize that losing friends is normal and to be expected. I lost my parents and then heard that Qi had died of pancreatic cancer all almost within the same year. 


Qi had a bigger effect on my life than anyone outside of my family. In my early thirties, during the early eighties, when I was somewhat lost, I met Qi and he taught me how to learn Chinese, then invited me to teach English at the school he represented. I quickly learned that every single one of my Chinese students knew English grammar better than I did, (or do.) So I had to teach other things, most of which would get me kicked out of any respectable language teaching program, but, if it I do say myself, my method worked. Almost the entire class I taught passed the TOEFL and were able to study abroad.

Qi and I were both born in second half of 1951. I met him in 1983. I had gotten divorced and after that had quit a pretty good job, out of pride, ennui and spite, and then, to make it worse began to feel that I had made a horrible mistake. I was floating, in my early thirties, with no ambition and no ambition to even have ambition. I took a Chinese class on a whim, at the University of Oregon, and he was the teacher.

And Qi was a wonderful teacher, maybe the best I had ever had up at that point. I really never expected to learn Chinese when I took it, I just thought the experience would broaden my understanding of Asia and give me an excuse to hang out with college girls. But Qi was so charismatic and so determined that everyone in his class would learn his language, that I had no choice but to take it seriously and study.

He only stayed in Eugene for a year. He loved it, loved America, loved Oregon, everywhere he went he made friends and changed the people he met for the better. Or rather, gave them some special thing that caused them to change themselves. He told me, “I don’t want to live in Chinatown.” So I brought him into my world, which at the time was the crazy 1980s Eugene Oregon bar and party scene. Even on the nights when I didn’t feel like going out, he would get me out and with him around it was always exciting, and interesting. We would end up in amazing conversations with people who I otherwise wouldn't have realized existed.

He had his own life too, which I won’t talk about. But when it was time to return, to his wife and son, even though he was offered a very well paying job to continue teaching, he went back. I know it wasn’t easy, but I also know he never regretted it. In 1984, China was still blindly finding its way back to sanity, and no one was sure it wouldn’t revert to the madness of the Cultural Revolution.

He had been exiled like everyone else in China in the 70s to the countryside. He told me at that time, he was always looking for a way out, even though at the time it seemed worse than hopeless. He studied English quietly when no one else was watching. His father had been one of Mao’s most feared guerrillas, leading a small band on many attacks against the Japanese. But in 1965 his father was denounced, beaten and exiled. Qi had to raise himself and support his family, until his own exile a few years later. They were both released in 1977, and Qi resumed his studies and eventually got a chance to teach and study in the US. If he had stayed in Oregon he could have gotten his family to join him eventually, and he knew that, but he decided to keep his promises and return.

I took another year of Chinese, studied hard, and he invited me to teach English in Xian, where he was the vice-director of the English Language training program at the Xian College of Medicine, (now Xian Medical University).

He saw to it that I didn’t end up always trapped in the sometimes claustrophobic world of Foreigners in China. He got me on the faculty basketball team, (a big deal, we traveled to other schools for tournaments and we all got a bump in salary – so I can say I played pro-basketball.) He introduced me to people, including his legendary father, hosted my parents when they visited, and supported me against the frightened and sometimes dangerous Communist party on campus. The most notable accomplishment we pulled off was performing two plays in English for the entire campus. I promised my advanced class that we would get the plays they were memorizing performed. And we did. All lines were in English and hundreds of students and teachers came to see the performances.


Qi and I used to talk about being old men together after life became normal in China. There are not many people in life that have a transformative effect on you. I can’t imagine what my life would have been if I had never met Qi, but I am sure it would not have been as full. He was my big brother, born three months before me. He was so wise and good, and he made me so much better than I would have been otherwise. I wish he was still around, but, really, in my mind, he never left.


Monday, June 14, 2021

Review of "A Sentimental Education"

 

by 





Flaubert is more famous for what is called “The Perfect Novel” - “Madame Bovary”, but to me, about to begin my 8th decade, “A Sentimental Education” (SE) is really his greatest work. (Unfortunately, I don’t read French so my understanding and appreciation is no doubt limited by that).

SE covers the active adult life of Frédéric and his lifelong love for the older wife of a friend and business partner, Madame Armoux. There are many other characters who come and go through the years. It is a long, extended account of their youthful friendships, petty betrayals, reconciliations, failures, and revivals over the course of about a quarter of a century.

There is a lot going on in the background which makes it doubly fascinating for us in the Boomer generation. I spent several semesters studying 19th Century European history, so the period - the incredible Revolutions of 1848, the Franco Prussian war, the rise of Bismarck, the Paris Commune - is all pretty familiar to me. SE is about a young liberal from the provinces, who doesn’t want to give up his newly won place in the middle class, and who during the 1848 Revolution, thought he was living through the arrival of freedom and democracy for the France and the rest of the European continent. But then, drip by drip, in the major centers of power, the counter attacks from the Right succeed and you can feel the exuberance of life drain out of Fredric and his compatriots. In Paris, where all the action takes place, Emperor Napoleon III, the second rate nephew of the first Bonaparte, takes power. The thrill is gone, but life and the petty bourgeois drama of Frederic and his acquaintances goes on, and they replace their revolutionary zeal with serial seductions and betrayals.

As a parallel to our times, the Sixties were a kind of 1848 moment. Like 1848, the revolutionary movement was worldwide, and it was a kaleidoscopic mix of  politics,  art, and literature and culture. But as perhaps happened to us, time passes and the purity of their feelings slowly becomes polluted. For Frederic and his friends, whose relationships are defined by those heady student days of demonstrating against the power, they have a second chance 23 years later in the aftermath of the Franco Prussian War, during the brief Paris Commune, with its refrain “To the Barricades!” But they are now older and have their petty lives with some pitiful fortunes to protect. And thousands caught in the wrong palace at the wrong time are being shot. Their reaction to it, their self justifications and avoidance of the larger reality all is quite interesting in light of how we baby boomers have reacted to Trump.

But it is the way Flaubert shows the passage of time and how his characters react and feel this passage which is the most amazing feature of the novel. It is a difficult book to read, especially, I suppose, if you are not steeped in the history of those times. Flaubert thrust you into the middle of things with little introductory preparation. You feel unmoored, and even though you might know that outside their petty jealousies and recriminations and flare ups of romantic feelings and subsequent melancholies, the reader knows there is a world going on out there, and sometimes wonders, do they know? How much does any of it matter? It is a lesson in life. I have read it twice and feel I am only just beginning to understand this novel.

Sunday, June 6, 2021

Politics as I See it Today

 tRump’s grotesque occupancy of the American Presidency ‘woke’ us all up to the need to choose a side, and fight like hell to win, and overlook anything that might stand in the way of winning. The last election and its (January 6th)  aftermath was a struggle for survival in several senses of the word,  and now, it seems like we are having a brief respite, a chance to lick our wounds, and return to our lives. 


Really? No, sorry,  it ain’t over, now we have to prepare for the next round. 


It is a difficult prospect to face. But look around - the whole world is battling for its political future. There are many reasons to be scared. Maybe this state of affairs has always existed, and we just didn’t know it, or could not see it. But the domestic political battle lines are certainly more sharply divided than any time in living memory. Every society is in the throes of political civil strife, even if in some cases it is hidden below the surface.


The Fall of the Berlin Wall, and the awakening of China from its Maoist isolation perhaps brought the issues into light. Previous to the late 80s, we were able to hide from our divisions behind the Cold War. But then Communism surrendered and we danced on its grave while Russia shivered and went hungry and built up resentment against the West.  Nationalism, chauvinism, tribalism, Fundamentalism etc. all revived there and in other former Soviet States, and in China too, albeit in a different form.  This authoritarian virus started infecting the West too, and the source, like the recent Coronavirus, is difficult to exactly pinpoint. Liberalism was suddenly seen as weak, even though it had won the Cold War while maintaining peace and prosperity.  It was seen as bloated, corrupt, and perhaps worse, “neo-liberal” and racist. We thought we still had a functioning system of justice, but cell phone cameras captured a different story. While some say this snapped a distorted picture, justice is very much about appearances, and it only works if the public image of it appears fair. 


And the rise of the mostly American tech oligarchs put a spotlight on economic inequality. 


So Liberalism lost its luster on both the left and the right. The hypocrisy and  historical blindness  of  much of “woke” culture makes it worse. And add the mind-numbing repetitive “super hero” fetish of big budget  mass entertainment along with the ubiquitous social media addiction added to the isolation and  uneasiness among much of the Urban “intellectual” class. For those and other reasons, Liberalism no longer commands much loyalty among the majorities in the West.  


I still see myself as a  liberal, because I believe that the technical transformations of the last 20-30 years have or will soon create a vast human economic redundancy. It is not just robots on the factory floor, but throughout our entire economy. Legal Zoom is putting lawyers out of work, to name just one example.  But at the same time, this tech revolution has potentially solved the greatest economic problem that society has faced since it started planting crops - production and distribution.  We now have the means to produce enough of almost everything  and get it to almost everyone. Computer technology (look out your window - see the Amazon Delivery Truck?) has largely solved the logistical issues. If that technological revolution is intelligently combined with science and a renewed respect for nature can keep us going for at least another generation. 


The population is shrinking worldwide, so this is all happening just in time, as we are going to have fewer workers in absolute numbers. I believe all of the above is making “Atlas Shrugged” style capitalism inefficient by comparison, and efficiency was capitalism's hole card. Can capitalism be harnessed for the job? Look how inefficient our capitalist health care system is. We will need to phase it in and bid out the work, but for the most part we can cut out the middle man. The only outcome foreseeable if Capitalism remains is hacienda-like societies, with the Super-Haves living on Islands of immense wealth, the Haves living in gated communities and the Have-Nots - the dispossessed 90% - living in dilapidated inescapable poverty... What Bernie Sanders has been preaching about is coming to pass and it is out in the open where everyone can see it. I optimistically think we can now solve the fundamental economic problem. We can shelter, feed,  educate everyone. Companies, and people can make money getting this done, but because the goal - better living conditions - is a societal goal and not a corporate goal, the government will have to control the purse strings.  


The labor market will exist for those who can work and want more, and economic  inequality will certainly  continue. Talent can rise, and live brilliantly, but nobody needs to be a billionaire. We can rebuild infrastructure and  neighborhoods, and use economic incentives to bring a higher quality of life to people in both urban and rural neighborhoods.  It is not “pie in the sky” anymore.  We can afford wealth redistribution - it will not break us. Inflation, the great fear, is not what it used to be, because it is caused when too much money  is chasing too few goods.  But we can produce the goods cheaply, (except for occasional structure constraints) so prices need not rise.


There is a real problem with this though. Bureaucratic inertia, self satisfaction of the managerial class, loss of visionary purpose, and eventually corruption and nepotism always seems to set in. It always happens.  The Chinese have understood it for thousands of years. It is the Dynastic Cycle, (朝代循環),   the rise and fall of governments.  In the beginning of a new regime, it really doesn’t matter what form or structure government takes, monarchism, socialism, New Dealism, or Islamic Theocracy, the youthful  human energy of a new beginning can make things happen. But eventually, it all turns, and complacency dooms it. They lose the Mandate of Heaven (天命)and the next revolution begins to build to take its place.


We can perhaps avoid that by building in an expiry date into the reforms. Try it for ten years, then all the laws and regulations lapse, and this intrusion into capitalism will require a thorough re-examination and house cleaning.  Nothing lasts forever and we should recognize that up front. But we will need more than one or even two terms of an Administration and therein lies the problem; our built-in inability to affect even a mid-range plan of action, much less a long term plan.

 

So all this will  be seemingly impossible in the current political climate, which is largely caused by a ginned up and phony mistrust of elites that is instigated by the (here I lapse into a tired Marxist trope) “lackeys of the plutocrats”. In other words FOX News and its fellow travelers.  To explain why this plan will work would require a degree of analytical thought to which our mass culture can not fathom. This new economic situation of mass unemployment combined with unparalleled wealth that has been created by exponential increases in marginal productivity  goes against all ‘common sense’. It will be easy for the Rs, (Republicans, or the Right) to convince their base to allow them to  kill it. We on the ‘Left’ will  first try and explain it, using Robert Reich’s charts and emojis,  but that of course will get nowhere, so we will have to try and use our narrow majority to get about 1/10 done of what is needed, but that probably won’t work and this “failure” will be used to overturn our narrow majority in 18 months. We will lose Congress.  When you throw in tRump to this situation, you can see how it is easy to be pessimistic. (yes I know I was optimistic a couple of paragraphs or so ago…)


 In frustration many try to blame this political climate on a “fascist retrenchment”, but that is perhaps overkill, based on faulty historical analysis and a failure of imagination. The Situation today is different than when the old style fascism rose. Post-WW1 right wing dictatorial regimes came to power when people were mostly only one generation away from peasantry. But post-WW2 had seen the rise in material prosperity, and, except “on the periphery”, 50 years of peace. (Yes, I know that is a cruel oversimplification to the millions who live on the periphery).  This new US-based, faux-populist authoritarianism is being born out of completely different conditions from Post-WW1.  We have been raised comfortably with a lifetime to enjoy the political freedom the last Great War provided. In addition, we have a historical rear view mirror which warns us how bad fascism can actually get. So if it really comes,  it's not likely to repeat in exactly the same way. I am just saying we will need a different word to describe it.


All that is clearly apparent to “the opposition”, but they still justify their abandonment of democracy to themselves. I guess they say to themselves we liberals are overreacting, that tRumpism wasn’t that bad.  But I think we are not reacting enough.  As an American who was raised in the same society as tRumpists, this disconnect is what scares me the most. To call them “enemy” serves no useful purpose, and as I said above, it is not really accurate, at least not yet.  But I oppose them, and because I know them, and am bewildered by all that, the situation is more than deeply concerning to me. I am aware this weak armchair opposition of mine might show my age, and approaching irrelevance. And it might be typical of American liberals too.


But first and foremost, I remain committed to the liberal values as a moral imperative, in addition to the technical reasons I explained above. Government by definition should serve the needs of the people, not the rich who can and do buy politicians. At the same time I am aware that the 18th century grab bag of ideas that a few Western philosophers called the "Enlightenment” just might be an ideology that has lost its muscle tone. The Chinese certainly think so.  


But I dither and digress. Here we are, seeing the outlines of the next fight. So my advice to myself and anyone else is forget about the long term for now. As long as tRump is in the fight it makes it easy for us to find our purpose. His continued presence is a monumental insult to the nation.  tRump recently said he likes the idea of simply taking over as Speaker of the House if the Rs win six or so more seats next year. Unlike his “reinstated by August” comment, that is not totally batshit. We know what cowards and moral hypocrites the Rs are now. tRump wouldn’t even have to run for Congress to do it. There is no Constitutional provision that requires the Speaker to be elected to anything. He just needs a majority of the House to vote for him.  And who could doubt he could get it from the Rs?


From there it would be a short (two year)  limo ride back to the White House.


So this is why we have to stay in the fight. He is a monster, that that is all the reason we need. Until that monster is put down, politically or legally or both, we have to stay engaged and united. The right is ignorant, morally wrong, legally wacko, and oh yeah, definitely in the minority. But they are united. And dangerous. We have to  stay united, and defeat the tRumpian plutocracy. And that means continuing to fight, not letting FOX News get the upper hand, and that means steeling the Biden Administration to not bend to the Rs. And sometimes, it will mean cheering for our overly ‘woke’ allies who we might otherwise disagree with.


After that - well somebody smarter, and perhaps even more evil, might rise in tRump’s place. That will probably be the next generation’s war to fight.


 But it is just as likely that we might somehow discover a Lincoln-like figure among ourselves to keep the flame alive and give us a new purpose to believe that we can keep our liberal values alive. It’s a tough way for us boomers to spend our retirement, but let’s face it we owe it to the kids.


Wednesday, June 2, 2021

The China Mirage by James Bradley

The China Mirage History of American Disaster in Asia by James D. Bradley

 INTRODUCTION and PREAMBLE and CAUTIONARY NOTE 
 
  “The China Mirage” by James Bradley is a worthwhile read. But I need to point out much that is wrong with the book, (see below) or rather what some people, (such as serious historians) might say is wrong with it. 
 
 Bradley covers many examples of corruption, betrayals and cruelty alleged against the the regime and political party that Mao’s Communists overthrew, the Kuomintang, but, again, says nothing of similar well documented instances against Mao. We (...us serious readers who are searching for some kind of truth…) have to be armored against all kinds of propaganda, and this technique of only reporting one side of a struggle is what the modern mainland Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses (even today in the Covid and post-Covid era) to sell China to the Americans. The technique is to point out the easily provable failings of the West while refusing to acknowledge China’s own obvious failings in a serious way. Bradley’s book has to be held to a different standard than for a more serious study. 
 
The argument for reading Bradley’s “The China Mirage” is that so-called serious studies have consistently missed the ‘Big Picture”. Bradley is trying to spotlight the “Big Picture”, to correct the propaganda imprint that the “China Lobby” has left on the American psyche. If you agree with Bradley’s premise, (Which I do for the most part) then you will like the book.
 
    *** 
 
Bradley puts you inside deliberations that are tragic-comic illustrations of extreme American hubris combined with profound ignorance. The book is about how America twisted and convoluted itself into a long standing “Asia Policy” that was based on delusional fantasy.  
 
“The China Mirage” is written as popular history, in the hope that a wider audience will understand how the US was duped, and how we seem to continue to be duped by the “China Lobby” and its (still) active descendants. There are many sub-themes in the book, but its overriding point is that America’s introduction to China began in the mid-19th century, when American Protestant missionaries sent back glowing letters about the “simple Chinese villagers” who were industrious, family-oriented, moral people who only needed to to hear the word of Christ to rise up and join the enlightened nations. But - at the same time, Yankee sea captains and second tier British aristocrats were making fortunes selling opium to those same simple villagers. For example, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s grandfather made his fortune selling opium in China as did many other founders of 19th century American fortunes, such as the Forbes family, the Perkins Family, the Cushings, and the Russell family - all of whom played a powerful part in portraying a peculiar portrait of China to the rest of the US. So those two social forces - missionary zeal and massive fortunes made from drug dealing in the largest market on earth combined to drive conflicting fantasies about an Americanized China.  
 
 In the mid-19th century, America’s stumbling intrusion into Asia began with Commodore Perry’s “Gunboat diplomacy” in Tokyo Bay. Japan quickly saw how the technological and industrial might of the West gave it such a military advantage over Asian countries. Small and insular, the Japanese used both their social unity, and unique laissez faire (ie. low taxes) attitude toward commerce to quickly begin to “catch up”. By “social unity” I mean the many layered, strict hierarchical social discipline that had been imposed by the Tokugawa Shogunate 200 years previously, and that was still maintaining sway when Perry arrived. Japan went from international seclusion and feudalism to a unique form of an expansive paternalistic military-Industrial oligarchy within two generations. Underneath the new system however, the old feudal system persisted, disguised with Western bureaucratic forms, but still underlying society. 
 
 These sub-rosa feudal attitudes and inhibitions trapped Japan in an aggressive, “Samurai” posture when facing the world. Japan quickly came to understand the international situation and the West’s manic rush of late 19th century Colonial imperialism. Japan followed the example of the West by using colonialism to expand and capture natural resources. 
 
 By the turn of the 20th Century, Japan had already defeated China in a war and taken Korea as a colony. Then Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian fleet in Port Arthur, (on a Sunday morning), and defeated the Tsar’s empire pushing Russia out of East Asia. Not wanting a long drawn out war, Japan asked Teddy Roosevelt to mediate a peace treaty. He brokered the deal in Japan’s favor. Japan’s ambassador to the U.S. Baron Kaneko, who reported directly to Prince Ito (who was the power and brains behind the Meiji Revolution, which signaled Japan’s move to westernize.). Kaneko, like Roosevelt a Harvard man, worked a brilliant con on Teddy and his fellow alumnus. He understood Teddy and the US, while no one in the US government knew anything about Japan. Teddy envisioned Japan as the leader of Asia, and himself as Japan’s big brother. TR wanted full access to China’s market, and he didn’t want to share it with Europe. Japan could play the heavy, protecting Asia from European poachers, while letting the US in the back door. The Japanese of course were not fooled. Diplomatically they made every signal that they agreed with Teddy’s vision, while they expanded and consolidated their colonies into China.  
 
 The story then turns to the rise of the Soong family.  Charlie Soong arrived in the US as a laborer, became a Christian, and to avoid anti-Chinese violence on the West Coast, moved to North Carolina. A group of prominent Methodists, none of whom had ever met an Asian person before, took Charlie in. With their support, he studied English and ended up graduating from (what became) Duke University. With his wealthy American Christian contacts in hand, he returned to China and started a publishing company, and printed Bibles (translated into Chinese). With his American contacts providing support, he sold millions of Bibles to US Missionaries, (who were generously funded from Protestant churches in the US). Needless to say, Charlie got rich. 
 
Charlie had six children. The most prominent were his three daughters, and a son, all of whom would graduate from prestigious US Universities. His children would form the backbone of a “dynasty” that would become enormously wealthy, be celebrated in the Western press, and for a while, would be the rulers of China. 

 Ailing, the eldest daughter,  was the often invisible power behind the Kuomintang Party. The nominal leader of the Party  was General Chiang Kai Shek, who along with some  Shanghai gangsters, (“The Green Gang”) gradually through the mid 1920s took control of the Kuomintang.   But Ailing was by all accounts the leader, and the effective ruler of China. Ailing married H.H. Kung, a descendant of Confucius, an early supporter of Sun Yatsen, and a minister in his government. Kung was the richest man in the world in the 1930s. Ailing had previously been Sun Yatsen’s secretary, but she didn’t submit to his sexual advances, so she promoted her sister Qingling to be Sun’s principal assistant. Qingling did not rebuff Sun.  Qingling was the second daughter and she became Sun Yatsen’s very young wife and eventually heir to his legacy. 
 
After the Kuomintang’s bloody purge in 1927, (where many of Sun Yatsen’s closest followers were killed) Qingling rejected her family, and left Shanghai for Yan’an, Mao’s headquarters in Northern Shaanxi province. Qingling supported Mao and was on the podium in front of Tiananmen in 1949 when Mao proclaimed the founding of the PRC. She held a number of high, ceremonial posts in the CCP, suffered severe criticism and harassment during the Cultural Revolution and lived in Beijing until her death in 1981.  
 
The youngest sister, and the most attractive was Mayling, (Madame Chiang Kai Shek). She was bartered off to General Chiang by her elder sister Ailing in order to cement Chiang’s “legitimacy”. According to Bradley, (the official account differs) Chiang was married already, but his old wife silently accepted the arrangement. The Soong family also included Harvard educated little brother T.V. Soong, who was the Finance Minister. That in a nutshell was the Kuomintang leadership in 1930. 
 
After the massive purging of leftist “allies” in 1927, of whom an estimated 300,000 were killed, Ailing continued to be the power and brains behind the junta and beautiful Mayling was the “front”. Mayling, as Madame Chiang Kai Shek, spoke with a beautiful southern-American accent and charmed the American power brokers who were “The China Lobby”. 
 
 Bradley’s analysis of who “founded” the China lobby and how they became almost all powerful inside the American foreign policy establishment is the central theme of the book. Those foreign service officers, like John Service, who had lived in China during the war, spoke the language, and who had had contacts with Mao and his ministers before 1949 were drummed out of the State department by Joseph McCarthy. The China Lobby used McCarthy, but did not embrace him, because the China Lobby passed itself off as a high brow, Harvard kind of group, and while willing to use people like McCarthy, otherwise wanted nothing to do with him. 
 
One of the primary China Lobby heavyweights who came from the missionary side of the Americans in China in the 19th century was Henry Luce. His parents were missionaries and Luce was born in China himself. He founded and edited TIME as well as LIFE magazine(s). 
 
The China Lobby had many members of the Press “on the payroll”, as Bradley put it, notables such as Theodore White, Joseph Alsop to say nothing of Henry Luce himself. Many supporters were in Academia, as well as some of the most important politicians who came after World War II, including JFK, Nixon, along with many influential members of Congress and the Senate. The China Lobby created the “China Mirage”, which was the totally fabricated notion that China was on the verge of becoming a “Christian” nation that wanted to be like America. Neither side had a clear picture of what the “other side” was like or what they wanted. The China Lobby said that if the US helped the charming Mayling and her heroic husband, then the US could “change” China into a liberal Christian democracy, anti-Communist, and a reliable pro-American ally. In reality, according to Bradley, Chiang Kai shek and the Soongs were a gang of grifters who personally skimmed much of the billions of dollars the US would give them to fight the Japanese. Even after the Japanese were defeated in 1945, when the battle shifted to a Civil War against Mao, corruption in the Guomindang ran rampant. Mao forces were winning every battle, but the China Lobby Press, (ie. TIME magazine and the other Luce publications) refused to cover the military debacle that the US was bankrolling. 
 
Bradley says that the US fell into an unrealistic romance with an “Oriental” version of Asia that never existed. He shows how the China Lobby continued to dominate the US’s Asian Foreign policy long after Mao took power in 1949. Vietnam ended up playing out the same way that China did, where we propped up a Western educated Christian Vietnamese, (Ngo Dinh Diem) and his camarilla (Madam Nu) against a popular liberation front led by a charismatic leader (Ho Chi Minh). And even our most recent adventure in Afghanistan has many of the hallmarks of the “China Lobby”. We followed the same pattern of pumping billions in modern American weaponry (benefiting our own Military industrial complex while being paid for by taxpayers), while hoping that the supporters of our propped-up authoritarian grifter can fight off a popular, nationalistic insurrection.  
 
China has always fired the imagination of the West. Popes, and emperors even neighbors like the Mongols who conquered China never seemed to get what it is about China that has this effect. Its vastness, its antiquity, the way it solved so many of the problems of civilization in such different ways from the manner that the West used, all have a way of getting into our heads and making us think that "if only..." they did this, or accepted that, then China could be - ???  
 
In Graham Greene’s novel, "The Quiet American", the American Alden Pyle fantasizes about a "Third Force",  not Communist, not Kleptocracy,  but a true blue movement of patriotic, democratic honest brokers who could somehow come to power in a nation like Vietnam. Greene sets Pyle’s vision against that of the reality of how Vietnamese saw the situation and the contrast is starkly evident. Bradley believes, contrary to most historians, that if Roosevelt had seriously engaged diplomatically with Mao, that the history of the CCP’s early rule after 1949 would have been different. Maybe no Korean War, no Vietnam war, and for China, more openness, less paranoia, no horrible internal decisions such as the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. While no one knows how the “what if” gambit would turn out, most historians think Mao would have turned China inward. I am inclined to agree that Mao showed his radical agrarian, anti-democratic side early on in his history. And like most dictators, he couldn't admit he was wrong in large and important matters. But, the result might have been different on the margins, how much who knows.  
 
 But those kinds of predictions are not helpful, because they can not really be tested. Bradley’s prose is bitter at times, even cynical. Occasionally he is very funny. He has no domestic “partisan” agenda, as he makes clear that both Rs and Dems were equally in on the China Lobby. Most of his attacks are on the Roosevelts or their representatives. He has a lot of gossipy info and he “chains” events quite well, taking known events and putting in the transitions to help the reader understand “motivations”. As I said, sometimes it seems like a stretch. In spite of all my reservations about the “process” Bradley uses, I give it five stars, because I essentially agree with him on every point, having come to similar conclusions from study and experience.

Monday, May 17, 2021

Review of "Richard the Third" by Paul Murray Kendall

 



by 
 Barckmann's review on Goodreads (5 stars)
 



I have been reading a great deal since finishing my most recent novel. Digging Around the Pandemic: The SwiftPad Extinction I will try to catch up in my reviews of what I have recently read.

I start here because of a personal connection. My last class at the University of Kansas before graduating in 1973 was an evening Shakespeare Seminar (wine and beer were served) led by Dr. Paul Murray Kendall (at his house). It was the most inspiring university class I ever took. Dr. Kendall was funny, a great teacher, he made us talk and write and he drew us into Elizabethan London. He made the plays come alive. Sadly, that class was the last one Dr. Kendall would ever teach, as he died of heart failure in the summer of 1973.

I only recently read his masterpiece, the biography of Richard the Third. It was a treat to "hear" his voice again! Kendall digs into the minutia of Richard's life, and for late 15th Century England. He has sympathy for Richard. What's more, (I know first hand his deep reverence for Shakespeare), he disagrees with many of the Bard's depictions of Richard's character.

For instance, he disagrees with Shakespeare about Richard's marriage to Anne Neville, daughter of the Earl of Warwick, and widow of Edward, the only son of Henry the VI, both of whom were killed in a battle against the York faction led by Richard. In the play, Shakespeare wrote some of his best lines as he seduced Anne "Was ever woman in this humor wooed? Was ever woman in this humor won? I'll have her, but I will not keep her long." In actual fact, says Kendall, Richard and Anne were really in love, (and he did not seduce her in the morgue where her husband and father lay dead from their wounds, as the Ian McKellen production of the play showed). Kendall proves this to my satisfaction with evidence. As to the killing of the young Princes, well Kendall throws up some doubt as to Richard's guilt but does admit it was probable that he ordered it. In any event it is great history. As anyone who had tried to untangle the complexity of the War of the Roses knows, you can spend your life studying it and never reach the bottom. This was not "popular" history, but a strict, if highly readable, (as well as extensively sourced) academic work. If you want a great read about the end of the War of Roses, Kendall's "Richard the Third" maybe the best place to start.

Monday, January 18, 2021

Chapters 28 & 29 of The SwiftPad Extinction

 

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Excerpt from the 3rd novel of the SwiftPad Trilogy

Digging Around the Pandemic: The SwiftPad Extinction


Chapter 28

BULGAKOV AT THE PONDS

OF THE PATRIARCH


On October 12, meteorologists noticed that unusual conditions in the southern end of the Gulf of Bothnia were beginning to brew. Stockholm had a record 10 consecutive days of over 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit).

In the Finnish Islands to the east the water temperature had risen to nearly 23 degrees Celsius, a record by nearly four degrees. The Baltic Fisheries Commission issued a warning that bacteria in herring had been detected and had sickened over 100 tourists on Gotland Island. At the same time an Arctic high-pressure mass was moving in from the north, setting up conditions for some ominous weather to come.

From The Fall of It All – A History of the Big Dump

AFTER CHUBBY GOT TO HIS FIRST-CLASS TRANSSIBERIAN cabin, he didn’t see Georgy for the whole trip. It was possible he was nearby, because most of the first-class cabin doors remained shut. People bought first-class privacy to hide from the virus – fear of the virus was driving everyone into hiding, in order to stay alive…or sane.

So many trains, Kip remembered, had been open, social affairs. Strangers would chat in the corridor, share food, or vodka (well – not on Amtrak – Americans didn’t go that far with their friendliness). Chubby left his cabin door open. He propped himself up and watched Siberia, through the doorway, and through the panoramic window in the corridor. They went through the Urals at night, and he slept, fitfully. And then they came to the Steppe. He had some music on his fone – Journey – Steve Perry belting out the lyrics…on and on and on and on.

They crossed the Volga at Kazan, the ancient outpost against the Tartars, which had been under siege almost continually for a hundred years ending in the mid-sixteenth century. Mother Volga…from the railroad bridge crossing it, you could see out across the Steppe forever.

When they pulled into Yaroslavsky station in Moscow, his plan was mapped out in his head. He caught a glimpse of someone he thought was Georgy, disguised with a blond wig and a long coat, looking like Bruce Willis at the end of 12 Monkeys. If it was Georgy, he hurried away and disappeared into the crowd.

Kip’s first task was to get some clothes. He had been wearing a long-sleeve t-shirt on top of a short-sleeve t-shirt. He walked out of the station and headed up the broad sidewalk on the Garden Ring boulevard. There were several clothing stores near the Pekin Hotel off Tverskaya not far from the train station, and he had no luggage, and was stir crazy from sitting on the train for nearly three days,so he walked. Cars on the boulevard but virtually no foot traffic.

He found an athletic-wear kiosk, and said fuck it, good enough, bought some dark-blue sweat pants with a stripe on the side, a dull green Adidas jacket, a cheap nylon backpack, a pair of blindingly white Stan Smith tennis shoes (in memory of Aldane), some jock underwear, and three футболка “futbolka” (soccer) t-shirts. And a mariner’s cap like Lenin wore. He bought a few hospital masks  too, to fill out his flimsy backpack. Except for the high-class tennis shoes he looked like a wannabe Russian rapper.

The Pekin hotel was gloomy and foreboding, with blood-red heavy curtains on the windows, and Kip had a feeling that if he jacked off, it would end up as voyeur porn on Funcake. SwiftPad’s vlog app Funcake was GG’s booboo. She designed it, and even invented some video manipulation techniques that at the time were pretty advanced. Called it “an adult sensuality app.” Then – too long of a story to get into here – some of her developers went rogue and released it with no connection to its mother app.

He took a shower and changed into his new clothes and his black cap. Stalin had had a hand in designing the Pekin Hotel, and it was one of his big “triumphs” during the terror and deprivation of the times, when it opened just after the Second World War.

Kip studied himself in the long mirror in the bathroom (mirrors that were reputed to be two-way) as he put on his gopnik tracksuit. A total douchebag! In spite of wearing the Russian national gopnik costume (sans Stan Smith shoes), for some reason Chubby looked like a tourist. But he was only staying in Moscow one day, then on to St. Petersburg.

Somebody to meet soon. Georgy had told him to go to see Bulgakov’s house first, then on to Lubyanka. “Sit on a bench in the little memorial park on the south end” of the infamous secret police headquarters, Georgy had told him.

Kip had already every intention of seeing Bulgakov’s apartment, but wondered why Georgy told him to go. He was sure he hadn’t mentioned his love for the Soviet-era author, who more than anyone (other than Anna Akhmatova) tweaked Stalin’s nose.

He walked out of the Pekin Hotel into the morning sunshine, forecast to be another blisteringly hot day, and jaywalked across the Garden Ring street to visit Mikhail Bulgakov’s apartment, which was almost directly across from the hotel.

Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita had been his touchstone, what he touted as his “specialty” when applying to the various Russian Language programs that he talked his way into during his many brief enrollments in a number of universities (including Harvard). The apartment was exactly as he pictured it. In fact (when he was living on a meager monthly stipend from his “trust fund”) he had created almost the same atmosphere – an old building with a winding staircase, covered with graffiti, done in bizarre and quasi-obscene style, and definitely created by talented and skilled artists. It had a musty odor, and all kinds of rooms and alcoves with no regular size or shape, often connected with little hallways. The living room had been converted to a parlor with couches and chairs all facing the front.

Here Bulgakov’s friends would gather, and later, after his death, his worshipers all would come to hear secret recitations of his work and of other banned Russian authors, works called samizdat (самизда́т, “self-published”). It was here, Kip thought, in places like this that hope for mankind burned like a flickering candle.

Little clusters of people who held onto the truth, even through the worst of times. He could feel their presence, even now. He could even feel their fear.

“You read Bulgakov?” A man, wearing a mask, in his sixties at least, confronted him. “You read Russian?”

Chubby realized he was the only tourist in the apartment. The virus had scared away most tourists.

да,” he said lamely.

“Here, I give you.” He handed him a small paperback copy of The Master and Margarita in Russian.

Спасибо!” (Spasibo – Thank you) 

“Don’t mention it.” Where had he heard that recently? thought Kip.

“Here, one more thing. Take.” It was a typed, stapled manuscript. 

“We go underground like before!”

“Political?” Kip nodded to the manuscript in his left hand.

“Not even a little bit. Well, yes of course all is political! I promise. It is scientific treatise on fungus. Common fungus – maybe – you find on trees, in forests in Georgia, near Black Sea. Ancient wisdom. Maybe Herotitus wrote about it,”

“Who is Herotitus?”

“I don’t know, Greek maybe. You decide. No charge.”

“What is it about?”

“Fungus may cause virus – and maybe cure virus – I give you.”

“Why?”

“Go ask Alice,” the man said. “Maybe she know.”

“How –?” He let it go. It made sense, thought Kip. Of course – Jim’s mom. Alice would know. She had been the closest thing to a mom he had ever known. But what did he mean?

The man turned, walked away, and seemed to disappear into the labyrinth of the Bulgakov apartment.

Chubby headed down the Garden Ring to Malaya Bronnaya Street, and came upon the Ponds of the Patriarch. The setting for the first chapter of Bulgakov’s great novel was only a short walk from his home.

There was only one pond, although legend said there were once two. It had been a swampy hollow in the fifteenth century. The scene was exactly as Chubby saw it in his head: the graceful and ever watchful linden trees, the rectangular pond, approximately

100 meters by 60 meters. The pond was surrounded by a wide pea-gravel walkway. Benches were spaced all around the water, on both sides of the walkway. The grounds were immaculate.

It was right here that poor Berlioz, a literary magazine editor, and his young friend, a poet, met “the Professor,” a foreigner who speaks perfect Russian. Sitting right here at the junction of Malaya Bronnaya and Yermolayevskiy, here is the bench!

Probably the same bench. Except there are no tram rails on Yermolayevskiy Lane – that part is fiction. But next to a beautiful public park, the imaginary tram tracks are more believable than a guillotine.

The editor Berlioz had been criticizing a poem by the poet that was not definitive enough or clear enough in expressing the historical fact that Jesus had never existed. The editor goes through a list of ancient writers whose statements about Jesus were later proved to be forgeries. This scholarly recitation conforms to Communist party atheistic standards, and also refers to some obscure but current (early 1930s) literary quarrels within the Moscow writing community. The Professor overhears their discussion and says that Jesus definitely did exist. They argue about the logical strength of Kant’s philosophical proof of God’s existence. Berlioz and the poet joke with each other about the appearance and accent of the Professor (“He must be German!”) and attempt to tease him. But little by little they come to realize this guy is a heavyweight intellect, who might know more than they do. The Professor tells them what he says is the true story of the Passion of Christ – only the Christ he describes is a simpleton.

He digs into Pilate’s mind during the interrogation. Pilate knows something very world-shaking is occurring, yet he sloughs it off. We witness Pilate’s slippery and deceitful negotiations with the Sanhedrin.

Berlioz says that scene is not in the Bible! But the Professor triumphantly points out that Berlioz had just said the Bible was not true! The Professor says he was there, he witnessed it, and the Poet and Berlioz mock him. Soon the Professor says he is moving into Berlioz’s apartment and predicts that Berlioz would die (soon) from decapitation and it all turns out to be true (tram rails…) in a brutal, yet very funny way.

The Professor is the Devil, or maybe he really is Stalin. Anyway, as the novel proceeds, he takes over Moscow.


Chapter 29

CHUBBY MEETS NIKOLOZ

AT LUBYANKA


Late October

“I continued down Bronnaya Street. It was so peaceful, fragrant, full of beautiful healthy linden trees, and very upscale. Tall and spectacularly beautiful women dressed in opulent Fifth Avenue style were escorted by short, balding men in too-tight dark suits. Still under the spell of the fi rst chapter of The Master and the Margarita, walking in a trance, I snapped photographs in my mind’s eye, pictures I can still recall and see in full color, each block, each store, each restaurant, just watching and consciously recording the scene in my memory. Beautiful cafés with beautiful waitresses, intriguing and very alluring alleyways, huge windows, half opened, hinting at great wealth and status inside spacious apartments. I felt friendly eyes where I least expected them.

“I had no idea that the stapled, smeared, half-typed, half-handwritten manuscript I carried in my fl imsy backpack was perhaps the most valuable treasure, the most important document in the world. It was the answer to so many prayers – and I remember, as I passed a rubbish bin, thinking – why do I need to lug this around? I almost threw it into the trash on Bronnaya Street.”

From The Fall of It All – A History of the Big Dump

CHUBBY CONTINUED TOWARD THE CENTER OF

Moscow, the Kremlin. He didn’t go in to see the Apostolic Churches, but walked around to the side, through Red Square down to St. Basil’s. There was a pretty big crowd there, with everyone wearing a hospital mask. Eyes, lots of eyes peering out of half-hidden faces, seemingly looking at him. He thought, this must be what it was like in the Seraglio – Mozart’s Turkish harem. How seductive the eyes can be!

Chubby headed over to Lubyanka. It wasn’t far. Georgy had told Chubby to expect company, that there would be people watching him. Chubby had a gut-level understanding of the danger he was in but understood the only way to fight it was to ignore it. He and Nikoloz (who bristled angrily after Kip called him Nicky) met in perhaps the most ominous (yet hopeful) place imaginable – on the southern end of Lubyanka, in the heart of Moscow. The giant secret police headquarters where tens of thousands of political prisoners were executed by the long line of Soviet henchmen was shrouded in a giant burlap covering in preparation for some renovations apparently, or perhaps it was only the sudden onset of shame, a desire to hide. He and Nikoloz sat on the pedestal of the Solovetsky Stone, the memorial to the victims of Stalin’s Gulag, a simple large hunk of granite that had been hauled from a Siberian labor camp. The stone had recently replaced the statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, Lenin’s Interior Minister who founded what became the KGB (now the FSB).

“Moscow and St. Petersburg are ready to move against him. But unlike your Real-Prez, ours is a clever man. He clearly understands what people in the street have against him, and he creates hope and confusion to make them hesitate, make them somehow half-believe that he just might be a ‘secret democrat.’ They say, ‘If only he can control the wolves who control him!’” Nikoloz looked out down to the park on Staraya Square. It was filled with young lovers cuddled on benches. A scene like that 50 years ago would have been informants meeting their handlers. “But he knows that his hold on power is dependent on Russians thinking that it is he who controls the White House! Once that illusion is broken, he is finished. The people here – in Moscow and in St. Petersburg – are ready for real democracy. But it all depends on America.”

Kip had met Nikoloz before, in the spring, in Georgia, when he had romanced Nikoloz’s half-sister Milana. When he had last seen Nikoloz – he had been certain he was on the other side. And in fact, he may be still.

“‘Moscow rules’ are obsolete,” said Nikoloz, referring to leCarré’s security procedures that agents follow when on enemy ground. “Technology has made so much useless, probably us most of all.”

Chubby wondered about “us,” but he remained silent.

“Walking around the city, be sure to stop and talk to people. Linger.” Nikoloz looked back at the looming prison. It was once the site of one of the earliest churches in Moscow. Irony that thick is almost comedy. “See that window up there? Third floor – it was Beria’s office, he used to look down here at the statue of his predecessor, the ‘Iron Felix’ who stood right here. Andropov used that office too.”

“Maybe someone is looking down at us now?” said Chubby.

Maybe. Doesn’t matter. The only way to change the future is to ignore what the past says is supposed to happen. Envision the future we need to have. Join in with what you see. Follow the crowd. Join protest groups if you see them. They won’t see you.

They only see you if you hide. They are looking for the furtive, the side-eyeing man in the corner. Be open, and you are more likely just to walk in where you need. Russians are trusting, and they love the innocent idiot.”

“How is Milana?”

“She can tell you herself. Allegro Hotel by Moscow Station, in Leningrad,” Nikoloz’s face gave nothing away. He put a burner fone on the stone and left.



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